JSS 1 3rd Term Note

SCHEME

Week
1. Human Reproduction 1.
2. Human Reproduction 2
3. Forces
4. Calculations on Gravitation.
5. Space Travel.
6. Gravitation and Weightlessness
7 & 8. Earth in space
9. Satellite
10. Consequency /Implication of Teenage pregnancy.
11 & 12. Revision and Examinations


WEEK 1

HUMAN REPRODUCTION

MENSTRUATION : menstruation is the monthly shedding of the inner lining of the uterus when fertilization does not occur. It's also the monthly flow of blood from the vagina.

The process of preparation of the lining of the womb and the shedding of the inner lining happens every 28 to 30 days.

The time from one period to the beginning of the next one is called MENSTRUAL CYCLE.
Menstruation occur between 3 - 5 days. Menstruation stops during pregnancy and resumes after the birth of the baby.

B) OVULATION : is the monthly release of the egg from the ovary.
Ovulation usually occur 14 days before the start of the menstrual bleeding. It is difficult to predict the ovulation period  because ovulation can change at any time.
SIGNS OF OVULATION
1. Some girls feel pain at the lower abdomen
2. Some girls feel some heaviness in the breast during ovulation.

C). FERTILIZATION : is the union of sperm  cell and the ovum to form zygote

D). CONCEPTION : this occur when fertilized egg is implanted to the uterus.

MENSTRUAL HYGIENE ( cleanliness during menstruation)
1. Take your bath at least twice daily
2. A good sitting conduct should be changed at least 3 - 4 times daily.
3. Underwear, pant, should be washed  daily whether stained or not.
4. Do not insert cotton wool or sanitary directly inside the vagina.

ASSIGNMENT
1. Mention 4 Symptoms of pregnancy.



WEEK 2

HUMAN REPRODUCTION 2

SYMPTOMS OF PREGNANCY
1. Missed period
2. Breast enlargement and tenderness of nipples.
3. Vomitting
4. Frequent urination
5. Fatigue and dizziness
6. Increase in body size and weight.

Where to get help during Pregnancy :
Medical Hospital - A gynecologist is always there to help and advice during pregnancy.

GROWTH AND DEVELOPMENT OF THE FEOTUS.

Foetus - a baby or young animal before it is born.

The foetus development is in 3 stages.

A) 1st TRIMESTER ( 0 - 14 weeks)
    The first three months of pregnancy are called first trimester. During this stage:
I. The Eye, ear, hand and feet are forming.
II. The head is large compared with the body.
III. The main organs are formed, ie heart beat circulate blood through the blood vessels, kidney and liver begin to function.
IV. External genitals develop though it remains difficult to tell the sex of the child.

2nd TRIMESTERS ( 14 - 28 weeks)
I. The heart beat strongly
II. The sex may be distinguish
III. The foetus is clearly human in appearance.
IV. The lungs are still not properly developed therefore the baby might not live if born prematurely at this point.
V. The skin remain reddish and cover with a waxy protecting substance.
VI. The foetus can live after 24 weeks but only with very specialized care.

3rd TRIMESTERS ( 28 - 40 week)
I. The skins is reddish and wrinkled - with  some fat deposited.
II. The lungs are developed and can support breathing.
III. Pregnancy reaches full term
IV. The head is proportionate to the body
V. The ear, nose, genitals are well formed.


Assignment.
1. Define forces.


WEEK 3

FORCE

Force is a push or pull on an object OR

Force is any action that moves or tries to move a body or alter its speed in a given direction.

TYPES OF FORCE
1 Contact force
2. Non contact force.

1. Contact Forces - these are forces whose sources are in contact with the body to which  they are applied.
          The contact could be direct or Indirect. Example of contact forces are push, pull, tension, stretching, twisting, squeezing, gripping, Friction.

2. Non Contact force or field force - these are forces whose source do not require contact with the body to which they are applied.
EXAMPLES are gravitational force, magnetic force and electrical force.

EFFECT OF FORCE ON OBJECTS
1. Force can make object move or it can stop a moving object.
2. It speeds up or slow down a moving objects
3. It changes the direction of motion of a moving object.

GRAVITATIONAL FORCE
The force with which the earth attracts all objects to its centre is called force of gravity or gravitational force.

MAGNETIC FORCE;

It's the force that exist between two magnets caused by the interaction of their magnetic field.
       This force causes the magnet to attract or repel one another.

DIFFERENCES BETWEEN GRAVITATIONAL FORCE AND MAGNETIC FORCE.

	Magnetic Force	Gravitational Force
1.	Magnetic force act only on magnetic material such as iron and steel.	Gravitational force act on all object in the universe.
2.	Magnetic force exists between piles of magnet.	Gravitational force pushes object close together. It is an attractive force.
3.	Magnetic force  is either attractive or repulsive object can be pushed or pull away from each other by magnetic force.	Gravitational force pushes object close together. It is an attractive force.
4.	Magnetic force of attraction is experienced between north and south poles in any direction.	Gravitational force attracts all object towards the centre of the earth.

The S.I unit of force is Newton (N). A spring balance is the instrument used for measuring force.

ASSIGNMENT

What is Friction?

WEEK 4

CALCULATIONS ON GRAVITATIONAL FORCE.

The Formular  for calculating gravitational force;

                G.F= Mass X Acceleration due to gravity.

Example: an object of mass 5kg falls from rest through a certain height determine the gravitational force on the object if acceleration due to gravity is 10m/s²    

Solution:

   Mass = 5kg

  .g= 10m/s²

Acceleration due to gravity =  10m/s²

G.F = mg

          = 5 x 10

G.F = 50N

Example 2: If the gravitational force on an object is 70N and g = 10m/s²  . calculate the mass.

Solution:  

G.F = mg

M= G.F/g

M= 70/100

M= 7kg.

WORKDONE : Work is said to be done when a force moves a body and the body moves in the direction of the force.

          Workdone = mgh

Where m = mass, g = acceleration due to gravity, h = height

Example: A  boy  lift a 15kg block from the floor to a table 12m high. Calculate the workdone by the body.

Solution:  mass = 15kg,  g = 10m/s²  h = 12m

Workdone (W) = mgh

                        = 15kg x 10m/s² x 12m

                        = 1800J  or  1.8KJ

Balanced Forces: When the two forces acting on an object are equal in size and opposite direction.

Unbalanced Forces: when the two forces acting on an object are not equal in size.

FRICTION:

Friction is the force that resist or opposes movement, when two surfaces are in contact.

USES / ADVANTAGES OF FRICTION

1.     Friction between our shoes and the floor stops us from sliding.

2.     Friction causes nails and screw to hold to wall.

3.     Grooves on tyres provide friction needed to prevent the car from sliding.

4.     Friction between the brake and the wheel helps bikes and cars to slow down.

DIS-ADVANTAGES  OF FRICTION.

1.     Friction increases wear and tear of moving parts of a machine.

2.     Friction creates more work for moving machine.

3.     Unwanted noise is produced from machine due to friction.

4.     Tyres of vehicle and soles of footwear get worn out because of friction.

5.     Energy is wasted in overcoming the force of friction .

HOW TO REDUCE FRICTION

Oil and grease called lubricant are applied between the two surfaces in contact.

Assignment

What is Space travel.

WEEK 4

SPACE TRAVEL

SPACE:  Is a place beyond the earth’s atmosphere.

OUTER SPACE: is a place outside the sun stars and planets

SPACE TRAVEL – Is a journey that goes beyond the earth atmosphere.

SPACE SHIP/ CRAFT – A spacecraft is a vehicle or machine designed to fly in outer space. 

ASTRONUATS:  An astronaut or cosmonaut is a person trained by a human spaceflight program to command, pilot, or serve as a crew member of a spacecraft.

SPACE ROCKET : is a powerful machine which enables the space ship overcome earths gravitational force.

ESCAPE VELOCITY: Is the speed that allows space craft to leave the earth surface.

SPACE SUIT: is a garment worn to keep a human alive in the harsh environment of outer space.

The suit has a mass of 47 pounds (21 kg) without a life support backpack, and costs only a fraction of the standard US$12,000,000 cost for a flight-rated NASA space suit.

In April, 1961 the USSR ( Russia ) successfully place the first man, Yuri Gangarin  in orbit round the earth. Yuri Gagarin was the first person to fly in space. His flight, on April 12, 1961, lasted 108 minutes as he circled the Earth for a little more than one orbit in the Soviet Union's Vostok spacecraft.

Apollo 11 was the spaceflight that first landed humans on the Moon. Commander Neil Armstrong was the first man to walk on the moon on July 20, 1969,

PURPOSE OF SPACE TRAVEL

1.To learn more about our universe.

2.To ascertain if living things exist in space

BENEFIT OF SPACE TRAVEL

1.                   1. To learn more about our universe

2. To ascertain if living things exist in space
3.  Earth observation for weather prediction and climate monitoring
4. Development of new equipment and materials such as; computers, photographic equipments such as X-ray.
5.  Earth resources observation
6.  Space-based communication services
7.  Inspiration for STEAM education:

DANGERS OF SPACE TRAVEL

1.              1.    Explosion of Rocket at the lunch Pad

2. Explosion of Rocket at flight
3. Wrong Calculation of angles , speed and time of launching
4. In ability of the rocket to reach the escape velocity.
5. Failure of some necessary equipment in space.

ASSIGNMENT

What is weightlessness.

EARTH IN SPACE

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The solar system Consist of the sun and eight (8)  planets.

Sun:- Is the center of the solar system. It is a star a hot ball of glowing gases.

Gravity on the sun is very strong. The sun’s gravity helps to hold the object in the solar system on its orbit or paths. The eight planets in order of distance from the sun are:

1.     1. Mercury

2.     2.  Venus

3.   3.   Earth

4.   4.   Mars

5.    5.  Jupiter

6.     6.  Saturn

7.      7. Uranus

8.      8. Neptune

 

In 2006 the international astronomical union reclassified Pluto as dwarf plant due to its small size and hence not a planet.

Scientist, grouped the planets into two:

1.      Inner planet {Mecury, Venus, Earth, Mars  - Closest to the sun}

2.      Outer planet {Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune- far from the sun}

 

The inner planets are alike in many ways;

1. .1. They have rocky surface
2. .      They are closer to the sun
3. .      They are warmer than the outer planets.
4. .      They are smaller than most of the outer planets
5. .      None of them have more than two moons

 

 The Earth is different from other inner planet because;

• i.                    It has a watery surface
• ii.                  Only planet with lots of oxygen in the atmosphere
• iii.                Earth has plant life and animal life.

The outer Planets are also alike in many ways;

i.                    They are made mostly of frozen gases.

ii.                  They are far from the sun, there surface are much colder than inner planets

iii.                Most of them have many moon

iv.                Many have rings of dust and ice around them

 

 

 

	PLANET		PERIODIC OF REVOLUTION		NO OF MOON
1.	Mercury		88 days		None
2.	Venus		224.7 days		None
3.	Earth		365 days		1
4.	Mars		687 days		2
5.	Jupiter		118 days		14
6.	Saturn		294 days		10
7.	Uranus		84 years		5
8.	Neptune	16488 years		None

 

Other bodies in the solar system are Asteroids, Comet Meteor etc.

Asteroid is a chunk of rock metal that orbits the sun. They are large ball of iced dust that orbit the sun. Gravity keeps planet in orbit.

 

THE EARTH

The earth is spherical in shape. The Earth consists of a solid part known as “LITHOSPHERE”.

The water, covering about 75% of the earth surface is called HYDOSPHERE. The gaseous part is called ATMOSPHERE. The top layer of the solid part is called the EARTH CRUST

ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

The movement of earth about its own axis is called rotation of the earth.

The earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours

Rotation of the earth causes Day and Night.

REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

The rotation of the earth round the sun along a part is called Revolution. It is the movement of the earth on its orbit.

Revolution of the earth causes seasonal changes. ( Summer, Winter, Autumn and Spring)

The earth revolves around the sun in 365 days

The moon revolves round the earth and completed its own revolution round the earth in 28 Days. This 28 Days is called Lunar EARTH.

ECLIPSE OF THE SUN (Solar Eclipse)

Eclipse of the Sun occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the earth.

The moon blocks the light from the sun and a shadow is cast over the Earth’s surface

 

 

 

 EARTH IN SPACE

THE SOLAR SYSTEM

The solar system Consist of the sun and eight (8)  planent.

Sun:- Is the center of the solar system. It is a star a hot ball of glowing gases.

Gravity on the sun is very strong. The sun’s gravity helps to hold the object in the solar system on its orbit or paths. The eight planets in order of distance from the sun are:

1.      Mercury

2.      Venus

3.      Earth

4.      Mars

5.      Jupiter

6.      Saturn

7.      Uranus

8.      Neptune

 

In 2006 the international astronomical union reclassified Pluto as dwarf plant due to its small size and hence not a planet.

Scientist, grouped the planets into two:

1.      Inner planet {Mecury, Venus, Earth, Mars  - Closest to the sun}

2.      Outer planet {Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune- far from the sun}

 

The inner planets are alike in many ways;

1.      They have rocky surface

2.      They are closer to the sun

3.      They are warmer than the outer planets.

4.      They are smaller than most of the outer planets

5.      None of them have more than two moons

 

 The Earth is different from other inner planet because;

i.        It has a watery surface

ii.      Only planet with lots of oxygen in the atmosphere

iii.    Earth has plant life and animal life.

The outer Planets are also alike in many ways;

i.                    They are made mostly of frozen gases.

ii.                  They are far from the sun, there surface are much colder than inner planets

iii.                Most of them have many moon

iv.                Many have rings of dust and ice around them

 

 

 

	PLANET		PERIODIC OF REVOLUTION		NO OF MOON
1.	Mercury		88 days		None
2.	Venus		224.7 days		None
3.	Earth		365 days		1
4.	Mars		687 days		2
5.	Jupiter		118 days		14
6.	Sartune		294 days		10
7.	Uranus		84 years		5
8.	Neptune	16488 years		None

 

Other bodies in the solar system are Asteroids, Comet Meteor etc.

Asteroid is a chunk of rock metal that orbits the sun. They are large ball of iced dust that orbit the sun. Gravity keeps planet in orbit.

 

THE EARTH

The earth is spherical in shape. The Earth consists of a solid part known as “LITHOSPHERE”.

The water, covering about 75% of the earth surface is called HYDOSPHERE. The gaseous part is called ATMOSPHERE. The top layer of the solid part is called the EARTH CRUST

ROTATION OF THE EARTH.

The movement of earth about its own axis is called rotation of the earth.

The earth rotates on its axis every 24 hours

Rotation of the earth causes Day and Night.

REVOLUTION OF THE EARTH

The rotation of the earth round the sun along a part is called Revolution. It is the movement of the earth on its orbit.

Revolution of the earth causes seasonal changes. ( Summer, Winter, Autumn and Spring)

The earth revolves around the sun in 365 days

The moon revolves round the earth and completed its own revolution round the earth in 28 Days. This 28 Days is called Lunar EARTH.

ECLIPSE OF THE SUN (Solar Eclipse)

Eclipse of the Sun occurs when the moon comes between the sun and the earth.

The moon blocks the light from the sun and a shadow is cast over the Earth’s surface

 

 

 

 

ECLIPSE OF THE MOON (LUNAR ECLIPSE)

Eclipse of the moon occurs when the earth comes between the sun and the moon.

The Earth stops all the light from reaching the moon.

 

 

 

SEASON

A season is a period of time in a year in which distinctive characteristics occur e.g Raining season.

The Revolution of the earth round the sun causes the occurrence of the season in the northern and southern zones of the world. They are four (4) seasons:

• 1.      Summer
• 2.      Autumn
• 3.      Winter
• 4.      Spring

In west Africa, there are only two seasons:

1.                  Rainy season

2.                  Dry season

Climate is the sum of typical weather conditions in a particular area observed over long period of time.

 

Assignment

1.      What is Satellite?

SATELLITE

                Satellite is a body that orbit round a planet. Satellites are held in orbit around the earth by gravitational attraction of the earth.

Type Of Satellites

a)      Natural Satellites

b)      Artificial Satellites

Example of natural satellites is the moon which moves around the earth.

Example of Artificial Satellites are;

1.       Communication – These are in orbit for the purposes of gathering information quickly from one place to another.

2.       Weather Satellites – These are satellite that gather weather condition in the atmosphere and supply the information to the ground station.

3.       Observation Satellite – These are used for non-military purposes such as Geographical satellite, photographing of area, map making and Generation of observation of earth area.

4.       Reconnaissance Satellite – These are satellite used for military and intelligence purposes.

Such as observing enemy location or movement

5.       Space Probe Satellite – These satellites carry scientific instrument into space.

6.       Transit satellite – They used as artificial stars whose signal can be hacked by the navigators (sailor) to connect the position of their ship.

7.       Scientific Satellite – They carry scientific instruments which gathers information about matter or temperature and radiation in space. Each satellite is launched into orbit by a system of Rocket.

 

Use of Satellite

1.       For Communication

2.       For Navigation

3.       For Weather forecasting

4.       For Scientific surveying

5.       For Making map and spying

 

 

ASSIGNMENT

What is Consequence of teenage pregnancy?

 

 

CONSEQUENCES / IMPLICATION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

Teenage pregnancy is the pregnancy which occurs in a girl of between the age of 13-19 years.

Teenage pregnancy is unplanned for unintended and unwanted.

CONSEQUENCES / IMPLICATION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

1.       Health risk: It can cause hypertension, heart failure and death of the mother and child.

2.       It can cause vesico vagina fistula (VVF) and Recto Vagina Fistula (RVF).

3.       Premature delivery

4.       Still birth or low weight baby

 

 

SOCIO – ECONOMIC IMPLICATION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

1.       Termination of education

2.       Stigmatization

3.       Career goals are disrupted

4.       Early marriage

5.       Isolation form peer and low self esteem

6.       No job opportunity

7.       Low income and economic dependence

8.       Force marriage

9.       Poverty

 

 

EMOTIONAL IMPLICATION OF TEENAGE PREGNANCY

1.       Emotional feeling of guilt and fear

2.       Loneliness and depression, feeling of insecurity

3.       Loose of childhood and adapting to adulthood

 

 

EFFECT OF DRUG, DRUG ABUSE, SELF MEDICATION ON PREGNANCY

1.       Premature birth

2.       Incomplete abortion

3.       Birth defects

4.       Low birth weight baby

5.       Infertility of the mother in the nearest future

6.       Death of the baby and mother

7.       Mental disorder

 

 

CASES OF BIRTH DEFECTS

Birth defect are abnormalities found in a child during child birth.

Example are deafness, dumbness, low weight, blindness, speechlessness etc.

 

THE CAUSES OF BIRTH’S DEFETS INCLUDE

1.       Talking to much

2.       Heavily drinking of alcohol

3.       STIs

4.       Diseases e.g. measles

5.       Poor diet

 

EFFECT OF BIRTH DEFECTS

1.       Malfunctioning of the body organ and system.

2.       It reduces growth and development.

3.       Mental disorder

4.       Death.

 

WHERE TO GET HELP

Consult a Qualified Doctor.